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CSS Dixieland
Probing the depths of knowledge
These essays by P. A. Stonemann, CSS Dixieland, cover a wide range of
historical, philosophical, scientifical and technical subjects. Each page
deals with a particular topic, divided into sections and explained by itself.
Every page shows at its top hyper links to every other page. The Start page
also has short descriptions of the other pages. CSS Dixieland expresses
gratitude to the readers that make this work meaningful.
This Web document has been tested with KDE Konqueror, graphic HTML interpreter
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Uniform Resource Locator:
Aryan Race page
Providing Knowledge for the Victory of the Aryan Race
Sections in this page
Aryans: The Legendary Race
Technical note: In languages other than English or Latin, but which use mainly
Latin characters, some characters are taken from other alphabets, or some Latin
characters are modified with diacritic marks for representing different phonemic
sounds or other orthographic conventions of those languages. Those characters,
when used in this document, have been encoded as entities of Hyper Text Mark-up
Language or sometimes in Unicode UTF-8. Therefore computers using other character
encodings may render some characters inaccurately, but hopefully, it will still
be possible to read non-English words without too much difficulty.
Aryans: The Legendary Race
History of the name "Aryan"
In 1786, the English orientalist Sir William Jones (1746-1794) turned the
attention of learned men to the deep similarities that existed amongst the
Latin, Greek and Sanskrit languages. Throughout the XIX and XX centuries over
5000 languages past and present were examined in detail. It was discovered
that about 500 of those languages were genetically related to each other,
in the sense that very probably those 500 languages all derived from a common
ancestor. The Sanskrit word "arya", meaning "noble", was chosen by most
linguists as the name of this family of languages, spoken since antiquity
from Iceland to India, and by the European colonisation that began in the XV
century, today spoken or commanding strong influence in many parts of the
world.
The Aryan family includes languages such as Gothic, Scandinavian, German,
English, Irish, Breton, Latin, Italian, French, Greek, Russian, Armenian,
Persian, Sanskrit and plenty of others, many of them with a long history and
a rich literature, forming the biggest and most spoken linguistic family that
has existed in History, out of a total of over forty distinct families,
living or dead, that are recognised by the Science of Linguistics.
This is our heritage. In a real sense, the ancient Aryans are our cultural as
well as our biological ancestors. Linguists say "genetically related" to
refer to languages descended from a common ancestor. Hence, it is clear that
the original Aryans were necessarily one people and one race, who inhabited
an original land (known in German as "Ur-Heimat"), whose geographic location
is still matter for interesting scientific debates. It is obvious that as
there existed a common linguistic ancestor for all Aryan languages, must also
have existed a common racial ancestor for their original speakers, for it is
impossible to imagine one without the other.
Racial differences
Some scientific researches on racial differences
Race and intelligence. Introduction by P. A. Stonemann
Researchers have reported differences in the average test scores for measuring
the Intellectual Quotient of various racial groups. Scientists such as Arthur
Jensen, Richard Herrnstein or Richard Lynn have argued that such differences
are at least partly genetic. Of course, in this liberal-dominated XXI century
there are also individuals who declare that the interpretation, causes,
accuracy and reliability of these differences are controversial. Some of those
individuals go as far as, more or less sincerely, denying the concept of race
altogether and saying that "Race is a cultural and social construct". Such
liberal cranks are thinking only of Homo sapiens when they quack so ridiculous
statements, they do not even consider other species, whether living or extinct.
They are, therefore, clearly spousing and anthropocentric and false view that
is typical of liberals.
In sharp contrast to those sons of the "liberte, egalite et fraternite",
serious scholars offer plenty of unmistakable evidence that the concept of
race is, in effect, based on a biological and objective reality, for humans
as well as for other species. Some of the best scientific works on the
subject have been collected and commented in this page. The notable advance
of many scientific disciplines in the last century, for example of Genetics,
leave no room to doubt of the validity of these conclusions. There is still
ample field for research, though, and the proofs presented below must be
regarded as a solid background from which to direct that research, rather
than as a closed dogma without any further information to be discovered. At
any rate, the case is proven that CULTURE AND SOCIETY ARE RACIAL CONSTRUCTS.
Not the opposite.
Race
ISBN-10: 0936396040, ISBN-13: 978-0936396040
During the past fifty years the emphasis has been of the likeness, common
features and equality of races. Yet interracial tensions and hostilities
persist today as never before. Race, by Dr. John R. Baker, deals in an
objective manner and informative way with the "ethnic problem". What is meant
by "race", whether race can be related to intelligence, and whether or not
one race can be considered "superior" to another. Written with a thoroughness
uncharacteristic in the usual treatment of race, Race, is the only book that
embraces history, biology, paleontology, the ancestry of man, his ascent to
civilisation, and the psychology of race.
First reader review
No book known to me tries to encompass everything relevant to the idea of
race with such honesty. The idea of race and raciality has been systematically
depreciated for political or genuinely humanitarian reasons, and it was high
time that someone wrote about race as Baker does, this is, in the spirit of a
one-man Royal Commission.
Second reader review
A most impressive display of profound scholarship and vast erudition of every
main aspect of this important topic. Recent studies of racial differences in
cognitive and behavioural characteristics have generally overlooked or
belittled the biological, anatomical, physiological and evolutionary lines of
evidence which are highly germane to this discussion. Baker provides the
essential basis upon which any objective, rational and scientific discussion
of racial differences must proceed.
Third reader review
With Professor Baker's book we have at last a compendium of biological facts
about the various groups of men, a compendium that can provide a factual
basis for discussions of racial differences.
Fourth reader review
Baker is an extraordinarily learned biologist, who approached the topic of
race among humans with the same thoroughness that he brought to studying race
among non-human animals.
Many of his data come from before political correctness completely enshrouded
anthropology in the late 1960's, so the vocabulary often seems dated.
Nonetheless, many of his views on the ancestry of different populations,
based on morphology, linguistics, archaeology and the like, have been
confirmed by recent genetic testing (see "History and Geography of Human
Genes" by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza). Please read that book, do not just
satisfy yourself with his deceitful cover stories about how politically
correct his findings are.
Baker's focus in the concluding chapters is on different races' capabilities
to found a civilisation. He gives a 23 point test of whether a culture can be
reasonably considered a civilisation, and examines various races'
accomplishments in this regard. This book is worth reading in tandem with
Jared Diamond's Pulitzer prize-winning "Guns, Germs, and Steel", in which
Diamond argues that every racial group in the world did as well as any other
group could have done with the resources of that region. Baker anticipated a
number of Diamond's arguments and refuted them (for instance, could
sub-Saharan Africans have put elephants to work like Asians and Carthaginians
did ?), but the truth probably lies somewhere between the two authors' views.
Baker's exploration of the capability of different groups to start true
civilisations is certainly interesting, yet, I wonder how relevant this
question is to the modern world. The Japanese, for example, have shown
relatively little talent at originating a civilisation, but vast skill at
borrowing others' novel ideas, adapting and often improving them. Similarly,
the question of whether Africans could have invented a civilisation on their
own is interesting, but it is not as germane as Baker seems to assume to the
more pressing question of how blacks in the Americas can best fit into the
existing American civilisation. Further, some groups that did little to build
their own civilisations, and still seem to have a certain amount of trouble
fitting into others' civilisations (for example sub-Saharan Africans, or
Irish) have contributed an extraordinary amount to the culture of modern life.
Fifth reader review
News and entertainment entities have almost always promoted the idea that to
believe in any racial differences other than skin colour means that you are
uneducated and ignorant. A torrent of scholarly books on the explosive
subject of race have disproved that dogma. In the first part of his book,
Baker examines the historical thought on race, from the earliest attempts to
define who we are, to the recent Hitler era. In the third part, Baker
approaches the issue from a biologic or taxonomic point of view. In order to
diffuse the explosiveness of the issue, Dr. Baker examines the different
races of various vertebrae animals and then moves on to more complex
organisms: humans. The differences in racial characteristics increase in
proportion to how closely the subject is examined, and Dr. Baker examines
racial features right down to the most detailed physical attributes. In the
fourth part, Dr. Baker examines the most critical attribute, that of
intelligence and race. It is here that Dr. Baker treads onto late twentieth
century taboos. Dr. Baker's conclusion surprised me when I first read the
book, though he tempers his understanding of racial inequality with the
statement that "no one can claim superiority simply because he belongs to a
particular ethnic taxon".
Sixth reader review
Baker's Race is not exactly meant for the amateur student of the "ethnic
problem", as he puts it. It has a lot of intimidating zoological terms in the
book, which are often not explained. He also has a tendency to use French,
German, Greek and Latin words, and quotes without explaining what he means.
It is assumed that you know them already. The book seems to be written for
graduate students in biology and zoology and other academics. That being said,
there are some interesting sections in the book that are not too pedantic,
and I only gave up and skimmed through about thirty pages when Baker's
scientific zeal to analyse his subject down to the minutest details got the
better of me. I preferred Rushton's Race, Evolution and Behaviour over this
one, because of its conciseness and readability. Both are committed to
objectivity.
One of the best sections covers pre-colonial Africa, in which Baker chooses
seven authors who were early explorers of Africa based on their ability to
describe the societies accurately and objectively. He comes to the conclusion
that S.W. Baker was the best writer of the seven because of his writing's
humour and pathos, and his avoidance of tedious subjects such as tribal taxes.
John Baker covers the cannibalism and the arbitrary and numerous executions
that occurred in many of the tribes during the nineteenth century. There was
not much law or value placed on life, one motion from the king could end the
life of one of his subjects. There is a recounting of executions occurring
after the death of one king's mother. Slavery was commonplace in pre-colonial
Africa, in which captured tribes would become slaves of the tribe dominating
over them. Slaves were traded among tribes also.
Before getting into the meat of his arguments, Baker likes to define
important terms. Quoting a statement from the United Nations saying that we
are all "equal", just because we are all of the same species, Baker goes on
to try to define what is meant by the word "species". Looking at other
animals in nature, such as birds, he finds that birds with very small
differences usually do not mate with each other and therefore cannot be of
the same species, even though they are very similar. However, he states that
animals in confinement or domesticated become less choosy about their mates,
and many hybrids begin to occur. He then says that humans in civilisation are
the most domesticated of animals, and therefore have the greatest tendency to
become hybridised, much more than you would see among wild animals in nature.
He comes to ambivalent conclusions as to whether we be all of the same
species, mainly because it cannot be proven that hybridised types could
remain fertile over many generations.
The Europids are examined fairly well. To the taxonomist, skin colour
is not an important factor in classifying race, so some taxon like the
Aethiopids, who look Negrid to the untrained eye, are classified as
predominately Europid by looking at the skull and other features of the body.
It is in these other features that anthropologic differences are determined
by the taxonomist. Speaking of the Europids in Europe, they are actually
hybrids of three subraces predominating in different areas: the Nordid in
Northron Europe, the Alpinid in Central Europe, and the Mediterranid in
Southron Europe. Examples of hybrids would be the dark-haired Welsh in
Britain, who are Nordids with some Mediterranid blood of people who settled
there in early times, before the invasion of Nordid tribes like Jutes, Angles
and Saxons (V Century), who eventually mixed with them. Some of the features
of the different subraces are mentioned, such as the round head and stocky
body of an Alpinid, as opposed to the narrow face and slender body of a Nordid.
Baker also examines the Jews, saying that Ashkenazi Jews are closely related
to Armenians, a middle eastern Europid. There also seems to be some Orientalid
blood in their lineage related to what are loosely called Arabs. There are
also some unusual cases of a small percentage of people who are Jews by
religion, but not related genetically to the Ashkenazi. There was a Khazar
empire at one time that converted to Judaism, but their kingdom was destroyed
by Russians in the X Century. They were not related to Ashkenazi Jews of
today. Baker also covers the physical features of the Ashkenazi. The other
important group of Jews is that of the Sefarad, who speak an old Spanish.
As far as the intelligence of the races go, Baker examines the IQ tests and
the achievements of civilisation of the races. He looks at whether each race
might have created an achievement by itself, or whether it might have merely
borrowed an idea from another race. He comes to the conclusion that some
Europid and Mongolid subraces have created their own civilisation, with other
races just borrowing from it, or else not getting to the point of civilisation.
He has a list of what would be an achievement that moves people from
primitiveness to civilisation, such as whether or not they have invented the
wheel, higher mathematics, language written in script referring to abstractions,
a legal system, personal hygiene, or domestication of animals. Some American
races got halfway to civilisation, such as Mayans, Aztecs or Incas, who had a
high mathematics, but who did not know the use of the wheel, and other
deficiencies that kept them from being a high civilisation.
After studying the IQ test results, Baker says that Europids and Mongolids
have about the same IQ, with Americanids behind, and Negrids still farther
behind. He also does an interesting examination of hybrids of whites and
blacks in the United States, showing that as more Europid the hybrid was, the
better he did on IQ tests. He looks at some of the black leaders, such as
Dubois, and shows that these were actually Europids with a small amount of
Negrid blood.
Seventh reader review
It was a very wise choice to provide a thorough, yet comprehensive book that
promotes such lucid exposure of racial differences, in such a manner that not
only it will not left anybody in doubt as to the existence of that reality,
but that also provides certain historical digression, which includes the
development of concept explaining why the study of race remains something
like the last taboo among sociologists and biologists, given the exclusion of
the racial factor in diverse studies, of anthropological, ethnological or
historical kind, and one of clinical medicine in the name of aprioristic
egalitarian idealism and "political correctness", can lead to the generation
of false conclusions, as the author exemplifies trough essays on ethnicity
and pseudoethnicity in the case of Celts, and questions the origin of modern
Jews.
Also, a very well documented discourse is given on such issues as intellectual
diferences amid diverse ethnic, racial and socio-economic groups with regard
to cognitive powers of deduction. Wide range of implications deriving from
constitutional differences amid selected races are given, for example in sport
achievements. These and many other fundaments of racial anthropology are
exposed in a manner extremely free of any prejudice, and although conclusions
may left an impression of right-wing ideas, this is certainly not a specimen
of pejorative racist literature. Although this book was published for the
first time in 1974, it will remain worth reading for a long time. It is
fundamental in the process of understanding the meaning of race.
The Passing of the Great Race: the Racial Basis of European History
First reader review
Grant's "Passing of the Great Race", although barely known today (except
amongst a few Racialists), was at its time a big seller. Former President
Theodore Roosevelt (himself a Racialist, although more moderate than most in
the movement on race) wrote a glowing review for the dust jacket, if I recall
correctly. I had the chance of reading it some six months ago, and found that
whilst some information is out of date and some concepts are flawed, many of
the core ideas of the book are still sound. It was the first book of its day,
to my knowledge, that properly divided the Caucasoid Race into modern
categories (by-in-large ignoring the old terms, such as Teutonic or Aryan),
although that is one division that is partly out of date.
The major arguments of the book are, first, that the Nordic subdivision of
the white race is its most productive, but that it is being bred out as well
as being killed in the World War by the 'lower' Europeans (which was a feature
of Dr Lothrop Stoddard's "Rising Tide of Colour"), and second, that a sound
Eugenics programme and a reduction in the wave of Eastron or Southron European
immigration is desirable or it is even necessary (the massive Third World
immigration wave was not even thought possible at that time). While I tend to
disagree with many of the proposals in the book, it was one of the early
pillars of Racialism in the 1920s, and it is still a pretty good read. One
word of warning: this book is most certainly not for all tastes. The
"Politically Correct", or for that matter, anyone of modern sensibilities,
should not read it. Otherwise enjoy reading a good history, albeit biased.
Second reader review
"The Passing of The Great Race" was one of the racialist books written between
1855 and 1920 that would strongly influence the National Socialist Party. The
first was Count Gobineau's "The Inequality of The Human Races", the second
was Houston Stewart Chamberlain's "The Foundations of The Nineteenth Century",
the third was this one, and the fourth was Lothrop Stoddard's "The Rising
Tide of Colour Against White World Supremacy". Grant was a lawyer and a
conservationist, a firm believer in the Old Order, free of Bolshevism and
Socialism and centred round an Anglo-Saxon culture. Grant always tried to
portray himself as more scientific than romantic racial theorists such as
Chamberlain, but Grant's theories actually have little scientific basis. For
example, his division of Whites into Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean Races
is anchored only on the basis of Nordic Scandinavians having blond hair,
Alpine Slavs having brown hair, and Mediterranean Italians having black hair.
Even worse is Grant's lack of historical basis. He considers the French, the
Southron Germans and the Poles to be a mix of Teutonic or of Celtic Nordic
peoples with dark-haired Alpine peoples, who invaded Europe from Asia. But
there has never been found any record or evidence of Asiatic peoples reaching
France or Germany, at least not after the Celtic period (the exception would
be the Hun invasion of Attila in the V century, but after their military
defeat at Chalons, they did not stay in what is today France or Germany). His
classification of Alpines is also very flimsy. He considers Southron Germans
to be of Alpine stock, completely ignoring the fact that Southron Germans
speak a Teutonic language and often have Teutonic features such as blond hair
and blue eyes. He also considers the Walloons of Belgium to be Alpine,
ignoring the fact that they are descendants of the Celtic Belgae, whom the
Romans clearly described as being tall with blond or red hair, which sounds
Nordic. He also claims that the Irish and Welsh have substantial amounts of
Mediterranean blood, ignoring the fact that both those peoples are Celtic and
often have blond or red hair.
The most puzzling part of the whole thing is how this book became so popular,
when practically everyone is labelled as inferior. Grant considers the only
pure Nordics to be people with blond hair and blue eyes, so, why did people
like Theodore Roosevelt (who was brunett) endorse it ? Grant's book just lacks
any spirit. I have read Chamberlain's "Foundations of The Nineteenth Century",
and anyone of Celtic, Teutonic or Slavic stock, and anti-Semitic, will be
riled up with the romanticism of the "Germanic" race being in constant battle
for survival, against the Jews. Anyone of Celtic, German, Scandinavian,
Anglo-Saxon, Polish or Baltic ancestry is included in this Germanic race,
while Grant tends to alienate anyone without blond hair, blue-eyes,
Anglo-Saxon or Swede, even putting Germans down as inferior.
This book should also be compared to Stoddard's "The Rising Tide of Colour",
which was written four years later. Stoddard also went by the Nordic-Alpine-
Mediterranean model, but focused less on this than on the White Race as a
whole. Stoddard was a visionary, looking to White issue in the future. While
Grant clamoured about keeping non-Nordic Russians or Italians out of North
America, Stoddard warned that the real dangers are non-White Asians and
Africans. Grant's book has little relevance to today's issues, as practically
every White North American is a German-Irish-Polish-Italian mix in some
degree. Stoddard, however, saw that all Whites had to band together against
the "rising tide of colour".
Third reader review
Madison Grant's work is an intriguing summary of racial thought during his
day. It was one of the bestsellers. It is not a scientific text book and
should not be treated as such. Doctor Grant was thoroughly knowledgeable,
however, with a chair in Zoology, and as the major proponent of Ecology in
his day, he was the main force behind establishing Yellowstone natural park.
His works, along with others by men like Doctor Lothrop Stoddard, heavily
influenced future legislation in the 1930s, restricting immigration. One
reading this book must look at it from the perspective from which it was
written, and not by the anti-racist, bigoted perspective that many have today.
The Inequality of Human Races
ISBN-10: 0865274304, ISBN-13: 978-0865274303
Excerpt from the author, Chapter III:
I know the difficulty of my present task. That I should even venture to touch
on it will seem a kind of paradox to many of my readers. People are convinced,
and rightly convinced, that the good administration of good laws has a direct
and powerful influence on the health of a people, and this conviction is so
strong, that they attribute to such administration the mere fact that a human
society goes on living at all. Here they are wrong. They would be right, of
course, if it were true that nations could exist only in a state of well
being, but we know that, like individuals, they can often go on for a long
time, carrying within them the seeds of some fell disease, which may suddenly
break out in a virulent form. If nations invariably died of their sufferings,
not one would survive the first years of its growth, for it is precisely in
those years that they show the worst administration, the worst laws, and the
greatest disorder.
But in this respect they are the exact opposite of the human organism. The
greatest enemy that the latter has to fear, especially in infancy, is a
continuous series of illnesses, and it is known beforehand that there is no
resisting these. To a society, however, such a series does no harm at all,
and history gives us abundant proof that the body politic is always being
cured of the longest, the most terrible and devastating attacks of disease,
of which the worst forms are ill-conceived laws and an oppressive or negligent
administration. The reader will understand that I am not speaking of the
political existence of a centre of sovereignty, but of the life of a whole
society, or the span of a whole civilisation.
First reader review
Frenchman Arthur De Gobineau was better known for his fictional novels, but
he wrote this historical-philosophical-sociological work in the 1800's as a
result of his lengthy travels throughout the world. Gobineau took his
observations and attempted to come up with a cause that would explain the
disparity that he observed amidst the different human races of the world. The
result was a set of several volumes entitled "The Inequality of Human Races".
This translation is of the first volume only, but it reveals the main thrust
of De Gobineau's ideas, and gives the reader much information to mull over.
I chose to read this book for a European history class, since the book
influenced not only German political and social thought, but also reinforced
European views towards colonisation and internal class struggles.
Gobineau begins his book by looking at popular reasons concerning the collapse
of civilisations. Such ideas as bad government, fanaticism and luxury are
addressed and dismissed by Gobineau. He believes that these are only symptoms
of a degeneration of civilisations. His argument ultimately comes down to race
mixing as the main cause of the decline of civilisation. Gobineau argues that
civilisations that mix with peoples that are themselves incapable of any
civilisation, will destroy that civilised society. In Gobineau's opinion, all
problems can be found "in the blood", and these problems can be passed on.
Gobineau writes that there are two elements in blood, a male trait, which is
concerned with materialistic aspirations, and a female trait, which is
concerned with intellectual pursuits. Obviously a simplistic generalisation,
since neither all men are materialist nor all women are intellectual. He sees
Hindus as having this female trait, which accounts for their intellectual
works in religion. Germans have the male trait, a materialistic drive to
acquire land and possessions, to go forth and conquer. When these elements
mix, the varying degrees can form or destroy civilisations. Gobineau also
looks at such things as language, which he says can exhibit traits of
civilisation. Lesser people can destroy a language by the fusion of their
language with the better one. We have examples in the modern world, with many
Latin Americans corrupting their language by incorporating, and deforming,
plenty of English words. Or of French words in Gobineau's time.
Gobineau is also an elitist. He looks at French peasants and argues that the
vast majority of them are completely uninterested in what constitutes
civilisation, and are capable of only following the lead of the civilised.
Does it sound confusing ? It is confusing. This book will take several
readings to tease out every thing that Gobineau is trying to say. My biggest
problem with the book is Gobineau's efforts to reduce the ills of the world
to such a troubling argument. Does Gobineau make a case for his subject ?
Well, yes, especially in the context of the nineteenth century.
An interesting book, and one that has had far reaching effects, even up to
today. Whatever the reader may think, Gobineau cannot be dismissed as some
irrelevant nutcase. His arguments are still being discussed today, which
proves the importance of this topic. Good reading for the historian or the
sociologist.
Second reader review
An historical document. Its racist content makes it arguable. What kind of
dog is the best ? Is a Rolls-Royce better than a Ferrari ? I do not know, but
one thing I know for sure: they are different. Count Gobineau made his choice
with human races judging their value by their achievements, but this is not a
racist tiresome speech. Gobineau is a good argumentator, and a good writer who
uses history to prove that he is right. The book is a good one, with only one
problem: its subject. Dangerous books do not exist for those who are not
dangerous readers, therefore this essay can be recommended.
Third reader review
The Inequality of Human Races, by Count Arthur de Gobineau, is a prophetic
work from the nineteenth century, which shows the differences between the
principal racial groups in terms of their civilising influence. De Gobineau
was a French aristocrat and racialist who had an influence on Richard Wagner,
and is believed to be a proto-theorist of National Socialism. Like Nietzsche,
de Gobineau took a rather grim view of religion as a civilising influence and
argued against "slave-morality". This book expounds his racial ideas. It
begins by making the case that racial differences can in fact explain
differences in civilisation and achievement. De Gobineau argues that neither
luxury, effeminacy, misgovernment, fanaticism, nor the corruption of morals,
is responsible for the decline and destruction of states, civilisations and
peoples, but that mainly the mixing of the blood leads to this decline.
De Gobineau also argues in a series of successive chapters that racial
inequalities are not the result of institutions, of the regions in which they
live, or of the civilising influence of Christianity. He then proceeds to
outline a series of comparisons from race to race and explains differences
from a civilisation to another. De Gobineau argues that the white race is
more capable of achieving great civilisation than either the yellow or the
black race, and he explains various intermixtures of these three races. The
Aryan influence on high culture cannot be denied, and de Gobineau explains
his concept of Aryan supremacy. For de Gobineau, there exist a male and a
female element within the blood. The male element constitutes, de Gobineau
declares, "a material current" (Purusha), while the female element constitutes
"an intellectual current" (Prakriti).
De Gobineau then goes on to place different races into each of these two
categories, the Chinese being first inside the male (material) category and
the Hindus first inside the female (intellectual) one. The author also
discusses racial differences regarding beauty and language. He argues that
races are intellectually unequal, and that different civilisations are
mutually repulsive. De Gobineau ends his book with a recapitulation of the
differences that exist amidst the black, yellow and white races, noting the
superiority of the white race, and of the Aryan family within that race. He
also includes a section outlining the great civilisations and their
achievements.
Race, Evolution and Behaviour: A Life History Perspective
ISBN-10: 0965683621, ISBN-13: 978-0965683623
Using evidence from anthropology, ethnology, sociology, psychology, and other
scientific disciplines, this book shows that there are at least three
biological races (or subspecies) of man: Yellows (Orientals, Mongoloids,
Asians), Blacks (Negroids, Africans), and Whites (Caucasoids, Europeans).
There are recognisable profiles for the three major racial groups on brain
size, intelligence, personality and temperament, sexual behaviour and rates
of fertility, maturation and longevity. The profiles clearly reveal that, ON
AVERAGE, Yellows and their descendants round the world fall at one end of the
continuum, Blacks and their descendants round the world fall at the other end,
and Europeans and their descendants round the world regularly fall in between.
This world-wide pattern clearly implies evolutionary and genetic causes,
rather than purely social, political, economical or cultural causes.
First reader review
An incendiary thesis, to affirm that separate races of humans evolved
different reproductive strategies to cope with different environments.
Second reader review
The book describes hundreds of studies, performed world-wide, which show a
consistent pattern of human racial differences.
Third reader review
Rushton is a serious scholar who has assembled serious data.
Fourth reader review
The scale of recent social problems in South Africa needs another explanation
than the glib "nurture" argument with which we have been fed ever since the
Second World War. This makes Rushton's book so relevant to understanding our
situation. Despite huge efforts and money spent on black education, not only
in separate schools under the apartheid system of years ago, but also now,
less than half of black children obtain the most basic school-leaving
qualification.
In fact, Rushton refers to some IQ testing done in conjunction with
psychologists at the local liberal University of Witwatersrand, which shows
that the mean IQ of first-year black university students is 84, consistent
with the mean for their population at large, of 75.
All of Rushton's theory can be corroborated by everyday experience in South
Africa: extreme violence and aggression displayed by young black males of low
intelligence and high sex drives. This country has the highest rate for
murder and rape in the world, 50 per 1000 members of the population, as
against 8 per 1000 in the United States, and about 4 for Great Britain.
Also differential levels of demographic expansion predicted by his theory
fits the South African case perfectly: over the past century blacks
multiplied by 20, whereas whites only trebled (with the help of outside
immigration of Europeans).
Despite a high degree of initial scepticism (I have also been trained in the
liberal, politically correct mode of thought), I found all of Rushton's
arguments very convincing, as well as the theory of the evolutionary split
of 110 000 years ago between black Africans and the rest, and 40 000 years
ago between Caucasians (whites) and Mongoloids (yellows). With my current
knowledge of evolution, the latter was both fascinating and highly plausible.
Holding views like Rushton's in contemporary South Africa, under black rule,
will probably land one in prison or at least make one liable for a big fine.
And yet, given the level of violence experienced by whites who are being
killed by the thousands, in the so-called "criminal" attacks, the tendency of
different races towards aggression needs to be held up in broad daylight.
Rushton does not at all come across as a right-wing fanatic, rather more like
a cool scientific mind, yet the issues addressed by him are of such relevance
for South Africa and the rest of the world that it reminds one of Galileo
confronting the Catholic Church, when he defended the Copernican thesis that
the Earth revolves round the Sun, and he was damned for it. Despite the
fundamentalist outrage at this kind of reasoning, courageous people every
where need to go into a serious, scientific debate about race. Rushton has
already made a significant contribution.
Fifth reader review
The scientific evidence marshalled forth in this book is not only a scathing
attack on the pseudo-scientific ramblings of Stephen Gould, Jared Diamond,
Leon Kamin and the like, but an implicit denunciation of the political
tendencies of the past thirty years that have elevated race-centric policies
to a national (and international) obsession. Like all great scientific works
of unimpeachable integrity, this book is apolitical, but it would be naive and
simplistic to presume that this excellent work carry no social or political
implications. Rushton makes this point in the introduction of the book when
he quotes a famous sociologist, who openly admits that sociology does not
exist as a value-free science, but to push the predominant values. Rushton's
book is "controversial" and "incendiary" only because it conflicts with the
aims of leftist politics. The science itself is solid and indisputable.
Underlying Rushton's explication of empirical race differences is what
population geneticists refer to as the "r-K continuum". Without going into too
much detail, the idea is that in order to cope with different environments,
species adapt specific reproductive strategies to maximise gene-flow into the
next generation. K-selected species devote more energy to nurturing their
young and less to reproduction, while r-selected species trade-off parental
support in favour of massive reproducing. While humans generally are at the K
end of the spectrum (nurturing their young, when compared to some other
species), it is possible to differentiate separate human populations (races)
in their levels of parental nurturing of their children.
Rushton provides an overwhelming amount of empirical support, everything from
brain size, maturation rates, dizygotic twinning, age of menarche, gestation
periods, frequency of sexual intercourse, that shows the races consistently
lining-up in the following order: Africans, Europeans, and East Asians, with
East Asians being the most K-selected (the most nurturing) and Africans the
least nurturing. The data ably refute the two theological, anti-scientific
premises of egalitarianism:
1) "Race is not a valid scientific category", mindlessly say egalitarians.
2) "Race differences are due to environmental or cultural factors, not to
Nature", they dare continue affirming.
Let us push the argument some more, and think about it in this way: either
races are equal or they are not. Now, what evidence can an egalitarian put
forth to make racial equality more plausible than racial inequality ? Compare
and contrast the history of the European race with that of the African race.
Since the world conforms quite perfectly to the theory of racial inequality,
from what evidence does it make sense to infer that races be equal ? Equal
"in dignity" ? What does it mean to say that ?
Since we are all part of Nature as evolutionary organisms, an amoeba is as
respectable in dignity as it is a whale, or a bacterium as a sequoia. To place
"dignity" only on humans, while denying that same dignity to all other living
organisms, and while making that supposed "dignity" equal for all human races
(and only for human races, not for the races of other species), is a clear
characteristic of the disregard for scientific evidence that has always
affected liberal fanatics, as well as it has affected fanatics of certain,
well known, monotheistic religions.
Since the facts directly contradict the hypothesis of race equality, the
burden of proof lies squarely on the shoulders of egalitarians. To those who
still shudder at the prospect, however, I pose a simple question: if race
equality be true, then why do we not observe it ? The question is highly
relevant, because Science is based on the principle that a thesis has to be
independently verifiable by observed evidence. Where is that evidence for
"equality" ? Clearly, only in the imagination of the friends of "Les Droits
de l'Homme et le Citoyen", of the empty-headed claimers of "Liberte, Egalite
et Fraternite", and of the stupid defenders of such a non-existing notion as
"human rights". Humans have no more "rights" than any other living being.
Many critics here and elsewhere seemed upset that Rushton did not provide a
stark and clear dividing line between races. This, however, confuses the
scientific concept of race. Is there a Siberian Husky gene to differentiate
it from a Pit Bull gene ? Is there a lion gene to differentiate it from a
tiger gene ? Of course not, yet no one has any intellectual confusion when
thinking of dogs or cats in terms of breeds, so why can they not think of
humans in terms of race ? Politics is the answer. Anthropocentric politics.
Additionally, the critics bring up the fact that many Europeans have some
African blood in them, and that many Africans have some European blood.
Entirely true, but this in no way nullifies the concept of race, in fact it
strengthens it. The fact that black-white hybrids have on average higher
intelligence than full-blooded Africans, but less than full-blooded Europeans,
proves that race is real, and not just a social construction. The critics
suffer from the misnomer that race is an essentialist definition, and are
therefore only successful in shooting down their own straw men.
Rushton's work is remarkable, and the attempt of trying to silence him only
reflects the fact that the academia no longer embraces the unfettered pursuit
of Science, but wishes to restrict whatever conflict might exist with leftist
political aims. The growth of political liberalism over the last thirty years
has been tied in some form or another to racial egalitarianism, civil-rights
law, voting rights, school integration, affirmative action, reparations,
massive immigration, the false notion that diversity is a strength, and the
like. Modern political liberalism could not exist without all the racial
egalitarian non-sense. A heavily mongrelised world would not show any
diversity, its members would be undifferentiated hybrids without distinctive
characteristics. Diversity only exists when separate races exist.
The false doctrine of egalitarianism is the oxygen that keeps liberalism
pushing forward and advancing. While conservatives might make legitimate
arguments against affirmative action or against uncontrolled immigration,
they are conceding too much ground to liberalism. Rushton's work shows
definitively that equality is a lie, and hence, that liberalism is a fraud.
Sixth reader review
What if we have been misled by modern thought, and humans REALLY ARE unequal
from birth, in ways that cannot be solved by means of social policies ? In
this interesting, but flawed book, Rushton finds from extensive research that
this is precisely the case. He concludes that certain attributes are largely
inheritable, starting with intelligence, but including sexual activities,
extraversion and self-control, and that the three main races in the world
(Negroid, Caucasoid and Mongoloid) are not equally blessed: Negroids are less
intelligent, more impulsive, and therefore more promiscuous and criminal than
Caucasoids, who in turn are also less intelligent and more impulsive than
Mongoloids. This is not very suprising, we all have seen this sort of data
before, and it is consistent with stereotypes and everyday experiences.
What is interesting is that the author attempts to show that these differences
are genetic in origin, and that they correspond with various reproductive
strategies which in turn were dictated by various environmental stimuli as
mediated by genes. All reproductive strategies may be placed within the r-K
continuum. "r"-selected species go for big numbers when they attempt to
reproduce. They do not provide much support for their spawn, but this is
compensated by the number of these. "K"-selected species go for small number
of children, but they invest a significant effort to make sure that they will
survive. "r"-selected species, compared to the "K"-selected sort, will
normally achieve reproductive capability at an earlier age, will be more
promiscuous, more competitive and less cooperative. Their members will also
die earlier.
Rushton postulates that although humans originated in Africa (thus supporting
the "Out-of-Africa" thesis), the divergent strands (those remaining in Africa
versus those that moved into Eurasia) are really subspecies of humanity that
evolved in different ways concerning reproductive strategies. Those that
stayed in Africa continued to be more "r" selected, whereas those that moved
into Eurasia were subject to "K" selection to a greater degree. This would
have been due to divergent climatic situations: in Africa the weather is
unpredictable (there are mostly no seasons), there is much plant food, but
there abound all sorts of viri and parasites, and droughts often annihilate
big portions of the population.
In Eurasia, where until ten thousand years ago there was still Ice Age, the
weather is predictable (there are seasons), there are not so many diseases,
but it is difficult to survive the winter months, and hunting of big prey is
required. Hence, humans became more "K" selected. They developed bigger
brains, which are essential for higher intelligence, they became more
cooperative, and they opted for stronger coupling and higher investment in a
lower number of descendants (smaller number of sexual partners, but better
selection thereof). These factors were even stronger in Asia than in Europe,
because most Mongoloids developed in the Northron part of the Asian continent,
where it was even colder. Rushton shows many data to support his analysis,
and some evidence in favour of his r-K reproductive differentiation strategies
as the source of the various outcomes.
The contentiousness of this analysis may not be overstated. Rushton believes
that the average IQ in Africa is about 2 standard deviations below that in
the United States, which would mean that more than three fourths of Africans
are less intelligent than the average North American, and about half of the
population in the black continent is feeble-minded. He believes that North
American blacks are smarter than African ones, because they have mixed
themselves with Europeans and Asians. If this be true, then many of the
greatest issues of our time become suddendly clearer, but not more manageable.
The main reason why sub-Saharan Africa is now poorer than it was under
European rule is not "racism", or negative terms of trade, or the poisoned
inheritance of colonialism, but rather a population that is dumber, less
self-controlled, and more risk-taking than others. As access to education and
health becomes generalised and the labour markets more transparent, a greater
part of social differentiation (at least in developed countries) will be due
to differential individual abilities (mostly related to IQ) rather than to
unfair social systems. If the differential abilities really be not invidual,
but racial, then divergence of races will not narrow, but will widen, the
fairer that the system be: only through restrictions on invidual actions will
equality be viable. Liberty and justice really turn out to be incompatible.
An example of that unjustice is the forcefully imposed quota of a certain
number of blacks admitted into educational, professional, governmental or
other institutions, in spite of the existence of demonstrably better prepared
non-black candidates.
The implications of this world view are extreme, and would affect many fields
of legislation, including policies toward less developed countries in matters
from free trade to Aids, as well as criminal laws, educational curricula and
immigration laws. It is not an exaggeration to state that if Rushton be right,
many changes in policies, such as the elimination of the "separate but equal"
doctrine in United States education, in the famous case of Brown versus the
Board of Education. Decolonisation and Apartheid would have to be rethought.
This makes it easy to see why proponents of equality of races would disagree
with Rushton: if he be right, then there would be no reason for respecting
self-determination in countries where the majority of the population are
borderline morons, nor would there be any reason for lavishing significant
funds for education of a local minority that is really incapable of much
improvement.
Since social deviance is easy to predict from IQ tests, it would probably
make sense to subject those of low intelligence to repressive police action
even in the absence of actual crimes, and big portions of these would come
from the Negroid race. And it would not be desirable to allow continued
immigration of peoples who will surely drag down the average IQ of a country,
commit more crimes than others, and generally make a nuisance of themselves
by becoming dependent on the state. Rushton does not enunciate these
conclusions, but they may be easily inferred from his analysis. People have
been expelled from universities just for wearing t-shirts that hint that they
might hold this type of view.
I agree with the author that one should not fear the truth, and that poorly
constructed bromides are no substitutes for real understanding. We need less
"feel-good" opinions and more realistic explanations of reality. So I should
have expected Rushton to construct his arguments in a more thoughtful fashion
than he has. Very clearly there is a genetic element in intelligence measured
as IQ (the so-called "Spearman's g"), and it is surely true that IQ is an
excellent predictor of success for both workers and executives, and of sexual
behaviour or law-abidingness for everyone. While it is non-sensical to assume
these factors away and to attribute all differential results to environmental
circumstances (as many simplistically do), it is also incoherent to state, as
Rushton does, that in these factors there are both genetic and environmental
influences, while at the same time saying virtually nothing about their
respective weights, and emphasising the former much more than the latter.
Rushton clearly believes that most of the differential performance of various
groups is genetic in origin. One guesses this not just from this book, but
from many of the reviews published in Amazon. This does not seem to be, for
him, a scientific argument of theoretical interest, but a personal conviction
with some emotional involvement. Normally, emotions in the researcher do not
make for good science, although they may be part of the incentive for starting
the research in the first place. For example, even though he goes as far
enough as to estimate that Negroids are dumber because they have less brain
tissue than Caucasoids or Mongoloids, he does not really give any reason of
why such comparatively small differences in brain weight could generate such
enormous variations in intelligence as he finds. The assumption that beyond a
certain minimal brain weight required to run the body's processes, a small
percentage of brain tissue has a disproportionate impact on total IQ, may be
correct, but it demands some factual support. If it do not exist, then Rushton
should have called this a working hypothesis, and left it at that.
There are other, interesting questions, that he does not answer. While I
agree with him that the thesis of Jared Diamond on Eurasian success, versus
Aboriginal African, American or Australian failure, is not satisfactory as
explained only by geographical causes (because it does not even consider the
possibility that genetics might be involved), I can also see that Rushton
does not attempt to explain the enviromental impact on inferior performances
by the various races, or even quantify it. He then leaves himself open to
accusations that he is just tidying up, in the language of sociobiology, very
traditional racist beliefs. While he concedes that there are some anomalies
implicit in his world view (for instance, as the most "K"-selected race,
Mongoloids should be bigger than Caucasians, who in turn should be bigger
than Africans, whereas the reverse is normally the case), there are many that
he does not even consider, and obvious ones at that.
If a harsh but predictable enviroment be a pre-condition for "K"-selection,
then Eskimos should be most "K"-selected, and therefore the most intelligent.
Is this the case ? And surely Mongolians are even more "K"-selected than Han
Chinese, because Mongolians live farther North. Then, why did not the Chinese
empire centre itself in Mongolia, or in Manchuria, rather than farther South,
as it was the case ? Also, would it not make sense to suppose that North
American Natives would be more "K"-selected than Central or South American
ones ? Yet the great pre-Columbian civilisations were more between North and
Central America (Aztecs and Mayas), and in South America (Incas), rather than
in North America proper, where the natives never evolved beyond the hunter or
gatherer phase, with only some tribes practising a primitive agriculture.
The Global Bell Curve: Race, IQ and Inequality World wide
ISBN: 1-59368-028-7, ISBN-13: 978-1593680282
First reader review
As the title implies, Richard Lynn's book builds on Herrnstein and Murray's
book The Bell Curve, of 1994. The theme of Lynn's book is an examination of
whether the same type of racial hierarchy in IQ and socio-economic status
that Herrnstein and Murray documented in the United States, be present or not
in other parts of the world. Herrnstein and Murray found that the average IQ
for blacks in North America is 85, lower than the 89 for Hispanics (although
"Hispanic" is a geographic-linguistic concept and not a racial one, but let
us for convenience separate that group), Whites of North European origin with
103, East Asians showing 106, and Jews reaching 113. Lynn shows in detail that
similar racial IQs as compared to socio-economic hierarchies are present in
Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, other parts of Latin America, the
Caribbean, Great Britain, Canada, and the Netherlands.
Throughout the world, Europeans and East Asians (mainly Chinese, Japanese and
Koreans) average the highest IQs and socio-economic positions, while the
lowest averages are found among the Aborigines in Australia, and in Africans
and their descendants. Intermediate positions are occupied by the American
Natives, South Asians from the Indian subcontinent, Maori of New Zealand, and
the mixed race peoples in South Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. The
same pattern is found on multifarious social and life history indicators, such
as educational levels, earnings, health, accidents, crime, marriage, fertility,
and mortality.
Lynn's book provides fascinating historical vignettes to describe all the
migrations and mixing of peoples. It also provides clear tables of data,
which allow the reader to check the facts for himself. For example, in Brazil,
it is the Japanese who are the highest achieving population. Brazil had
abolished slavery in 1888, and the Japanese started migration to the country
in 1906, immediately after the Russian-Japanese War, as indentured labourers
to work the plantations. Yet, today the Japanese outscore Whites on IQ tests,
earn more, and are over-represented in university places. A whole quarter of
central Sao Paulo, Liberdade, is predominantly Japanese. Although they are
less than 1% of the total Brazilian population, they comprise 17% of the
students at the elite University of Butanta in Sao Paulo.
In Caribbean countries such as Cuba, Trinidad and Guyana, it was the Chinese
and South Asians who immigrated after the end of slavery. Subsequently, they
too began to do well, with the Chinese excelling and the South Asians placing
intermediate to Whites and Blacks. In Britain big numbers of Blacks from
Africa and the Caribbean, and South Asians from Africa, India and Pakistan,
began to enter the country in the 1950s and 1960s. Twenty-two studies find
that black Africans or black Caribbeans have a median IQ of 86, which is
similar to the black North American mean of 85. Twelve studies find the South
Asians having a median IQ of 92. Also South Asians in Africa and Australia
average intermediate to Whites and Blacks in IQ scores, in educational
achievement, and in economic success.
At the other end of the IQ distribution, seven studies of Jews in Britain
yield a median IQ of 110. In educational achievement, East Asians in Britain
also outperform the indigenous Whites. Similarly in Australia, East Asians
(mostly Chinese and Vietnamese) average higher than Whites in IQ, educational
achievement, and earnings. Lynn describes pockets of ethnic Chinese elsewhere
in the world, such as in Mexico, Argentina, and especially in Hawaii, where
they also do well. In Canada too, there is an IQ hierarchy: Jews score 109,
East Asians 101, Whites 100, American Natives 89, and Blacks only 84.
The results are remarkably consistent over time, place or situation,
irrespective of the original status of the people, of the language, history,
or political organisation of the country concerned.
Second reader review
Richard Lynn's book shows that in many multi-racial countries, people of
Jewish and East Asian ancestry average the highest in IQ and socio-economic
position, Whites next, South Asians and Hispanics next, and those of African
ancestry consistently average at the lowest levels. Lynn argues that the
average population group differences in socio-economic position (education
levels, earnings, welfare dependency) are due to their average differences in
intelligence. Since these differences also translate into fertility patterns,
with the lowest IQ populations having more children, the horrid specter of a
dysgenic future is raised. Altogether the issues are discussed separately
across 13 countries or areas of the world: the United States, Africa,
Australia, Brazil, other parts of Latin America, Great Britain, Canada, the
Caribbean, Hawaii, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia.
Third reader review
For the last 25 years of IQ-research, the books by Richard Lynn are the only
ones that are making a substantial difference. About 1980 the last but one
step forward had been made by Arthur Jensen, Hans Jorgen Eysenck, Helmar
Frank, Siegfried Lehrl, and myself, in discovering the relationship between
elementary cognitive tasks and IQ, and hence working memory storage capacity.
In a world where even the pages of such a journal as "Intelligence" are
inflated with a lot of plagiarism and mediocrity, we had to wait long for
such a new breakthrough, and we are struggling still for even a far greater
one, the discovery of the genes underlying psychometric intelligence.
Even I myself, active in this field for 40 years, till then did believe that
the low mean IQ scores of some populations were mainly the result of
inadequate sampling, caused by social stratification of samples, and of
environment. Since I read Lynn, I am convinced that population differences
are not mere artefacts. This new book adresses IQ differences within various
societies as different amongst them and as socially diverse as Brazil, New
Zealand, the Netherlands and Southeast Asia, where social inequality is often
correlated with racial stratification.
In 2002, after the publication of IQ and the Wealth of Nations and the
preliminary reports of PISA 2000, I became aware that PISA tests can be
understood as IQ tests and that the transformation of PISA scores into IQ
results yields very similar numbers. Then PISA scores, mean 500, standard
deviation 100, can easily be transformed into IQ values, mean 100, standard
deviation 15, by adding or substracting the deviation from the mean in the
relationship 100 : 15 = 6.67, thus a mean of PISA 433 corresponds to IQ 90,
and PISA 567 to IQ 110 (if PISA 500 be set to be IQ 100). Heiner Rindermann
in his publications has confirmed that PISA transformed scores of nations and
social strata nearly identical with IQ means, published by Lynn.
The 80/20 Principle: The Secret to Success by Achieving More with Less, the
law of the vital few, states that for many events, 80% of the effects come
from 20% of the causes. The power of a nation does not depend on its mere
number of people, but on the percentage of its cognitive elite, optimised by
social evolution. Highly intelligent people are networking, and the economic
effect of networking is the square of the nodes of the network, this is in
our case the square of the number of people involved.
Even within developed nations without substantial racial stratification the
difference between prosperous and more backward regions amounts to 10 and
more IQ points. For example, in Germany the IQ average of Bavaria is about 10
points higher than that of Bremen, in Italy the difference between Venice and
Sicily is of 13 points; in Spain the difference between Aragon and Andalusia
is of 8 points, and in North America the difference between New Hampshire and
Mississipi is of 10 points. Such differences, possibly aggravated by internal
migration between the economic core regions and the backward regions, but not
always of such magnitude, will be found in any country. Within Brazil, the
federal states of the South (Sancta Catharina, Parana and Rio Grande do Sul)
have an average IQ and GDP per capita similar to South Europe and fourfold
higher than the states in the North-East of Brazil.
As we know, political turmoil and ethnic cleansing can eliminate or drive
away the gifted of a country, and within a very short time harm the economy
for years to come. Highly-skilled citizens from stagnating economies are
unlikely to merely watch their standard of living decline, and they will vote
with their feet. Their migration amplifies economic divergence. There are
three types of men: men with IQ above 123, who invent or construct machines,
men with IQ above 104, who repair machines, and men with IQ lower than 100,
who merely use machines. In a country where there exist not enough men with
IQ above 123 to construct, or with IQ above 104 to repair, for example a
bridge, sooner or later traffic by railway or by road will break down. This
is one of the messages of this extraordinary book.
In my youth in former communist East-Germany it was forbidden to listen to
the short wave broadcasts of "The Voice of America: a free voice in a free
world". Therefore, it is very disconcerting for me to read in a foreword by
the publishers: "We are distinguished by the fact that we are not a publisher
of choice, but one of last resort. We celebrate that status as it grows
directly from our resolve not to tolerate the strictures of political
correctness. Our authors come to us after having been worn to a nub by
rejection slips from established houses that only a few years ago would have
been figthing for their manuscripts. But now a velvet tyranny seeks to
oppress the mind".
Fourth reader review
The latest offering in Lynn's vast and ever growing corpus of works is
perhaps his most convincing. The Global Bell Curve synthesises all of his
vast research on race and intelligence, takes the basic idea of The Bell
Curve, and expands it world-wide. The breadth of scholarship and explanatory
power of Lynn's framework are tremendous. Liberal equalitarian dogma's aside,
the evidence that Lynn lays out clearly shows that there are racial
differences in intelligence and in achievement. Further, by utilising
intelligence, Lynn has an extremely parsimonious theory. Most social
scientists explain the low achievement of blacks in North America by recourse
to "racism". However, this explanation is hard to believe because North East
Asians and Jews have certainly experienced similar "racism", yet they have
achieved high levels of socio-economic status in almost every nation. Lynn's
explanation cuts through this obfuscation.
It is hard to give this book a five star rating, however. The quality of the
book is mediocre, at best. Typographic errors appear on many pages, tables
are double printed, or incomprehensible, the writing style is inconsistent.
Yet, in spite of all these flaws, which may or may not be minor depending on
your politics, the book still presents a challenge to many bromides of our
era. The evidence on race, IQ and achievement is accumulating, and it seems
to be falling in one direction. For those concerned with real science and for
those willing to let go of the current moralistic fallacy, such evidence
demands an explanation. The real question is: Can anybody take the world-wide
data and come up with a more satisfactory explanation ? If not, then I
suggest that Lynn's conclusions are provisionally accepted. Science is
science, data are data. We do not get to pick and choose which data we accept
based on our own whims.
Fifth reader review
Richard Lynn surveys the mounting evidence from the psychometric literature
to support his thesis that the book "The Bell Curve", authored by Herrnstein
and Murray and published in 1994, offers an irrefutable explanation for
racial inequalities in multiracial societies. The gist of Lynn's thesis is
that sociological paradigms (saying that global racial inequalities are the
result of social class differences or of discrimination) inadequately explain
these lingering racial inequalities. Lynn presents a logical case that
average differences in IQ levels and in achievement provide a better
explanation for this global pattern of racial disparities. The book is a
necessary reading for anyone interested in the field of IQ research.
The biggest disappointment and the main reason why the book does not warrant
a five-star rating is not the content, it is the book's mediocre design and
the overall lack of professional editing. Tables of data are presented in a
virtually unreadable format, which paralyses the attention span of the
reader. Inconsistencies of style are rampant throughout the text. A desperate
and awkward plea for donations, placed by the publisher in the inside front
cover, undermines the legitimacy of the author's scholarship, and somewhat
cheapens his case for an otherwise solid account of a much-needed alternative
to the popular egalitarian fallacies of persistent racial inequalities in
multiracial societies.
Race Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis
ISBN-10: 1593680201, ISBN-13: 978-1593680206
Richard Lynn graduated in Psychology and took his Ph.D. at the University of
Cambridge. He has been lecturer in Psychology at the University of Exeter,
professor of Psychology at the Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin,
and professor and head of the department of Psychology at the University of
Ulster. His main work has been on intelligence and personality. His books
include Personality and National Character (1972), Dimensions of Personality
(1980), Educational Achievement in Japan (1988), Dysgenics: Genetic
Deterioration in Modern Populations (1996), Eugenics: A Reassessment (2001)
and jointly with Tatu Vanhanen, IQ and the Wealth of Nations (2002).
Awards that he has received include the Passingham Prize, Cambridge
University Prize for the best Psychology student of the year, and the US
Mensa Awards for Excellence 1985 and 1993 for work on intelligence.
Richard Lynn, one of the leading researchers on intelligence and personality
and the author of several major books on IQ and personality research,
in this landmark work summarises what one scholar has described as the
definitive study of race differences in intelligence. Since 1977, Richard
Lynn has blazed a pioneering trail of research on racial differences in IQ.
In previous books and scientific articles, Lynn has explored dysgenic trends
in intelligence, sex differences in IQ, psychopathic personality traits, and
the dimensions of personality and national character. In this book, Lynn
analyses the results of over 500 published studies that span ten population
groups, races and sub-races world-wide in what is certain to be a path
breaking book for IQ experts and educated laymen alike.
This comprehensive review of world-wide racial differences of general
intelligence explores the formation of races, meaning of intelligence,
validity of race differences in IQ, environmental and genetic correlates of
intelligence, the relationship between brain size and intelligence, the
evolution of racial differences in intelligence, and the factor of racial
hybrids. In a relentlessly methodical approach, Lynn expands upon an
extensive array of research findings from the biomedical and social sciences,
including the latest studies from the fields of behaviour genetics,
evolutionary psychology, ethnology and anthropology in reaching his
thought-provoking conclusions. Extensively referenced, this exhaustive study
of race and IQ is a milestone accomplishment and should serve as the
yardstick by which future research shall be measured.
The IQs of the races can be explained as having risen from the different
environments in which they evolved for thousands of years, and in particular
from the ice ages in the Northron hemisphere, exerting selection pressures
for greater intelligence for survival during cold winters, and in addition
from the appearance of mutations for higher intelligence in races with bigger
populations and under the greatest cold stress. IQ differences amidst races
explain the differences in achievement in making the Neolithic transition
from hunter-gatherer to settled agriculture, in the building of early
civilisations, and in the development of mature civilisations during the last
two thousand years.
The position of some environmentalists, who say that over the course of about
a hundred thousand years peoples separated by geographical barriers in
different parts of the world evolved into ten different races with pronounced
genetic differences in morphology, blood groups, and the incidence of genetic
diseases, and yet they all have identical genotypes for intelligence, is so
improbable a position, that those who advance it must be totally ignorant of
the basic principles of evolutionary biology, or they have a political bias
to deny the importance of race. Or both, they are ignorant and biased.
First reader review
The book's central finding: the world average IQ is no more than 90, and in
general it tends to decline from North to South (in the Northron Hemisphere).
An IQ of 90 is equivalent to the mental age of an average 14-year old White.
Standard IQ tests are normed to 100, the mental age of the average 16-year
old White. Lynn also draws attention to the fact that a North to South IQ
continuum has evolved, probably through evolution for survival in cold Boreal
winters (cold Austral winters are restricted to the South of South America,
where human populations have always been too scarce for statistical analysis).
These findings in Lynn's latest book have profound geopolitical significance.
They imply that it may simply not be possible to transmit Westron-style
democratic and economic systems to the populations of Latin America or to the
Muslims of North Africa and the Middle East, let alone to sub-Saharan Africa.
They mean that the world's long-term problems will stem from its populations'
capabilities, much deeper and more intractable than from any competition in
the style of "Clash of Civilisations" amidst different political concepts.
The implications for immigration are obvious: it can have fundamental and
permanent consequences.
Lynn's book reviews more than 500 published IQ studies world-wide from the
beginning of the twentieth century up to the present, devoting a chapter to
each of the ten "genetic clusters", or population groups, as identified by
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and his colleagues in their mammoth 1994 book, The
History and Geography of Human Genes.
Lynn regards these genetic clusters as races. He concludes that the East
Asians (Chinese, Japanese and Koreans) have the highest mean IQ at 105.
Europeans follow with an IQ of 100. Some ways below these are the Eskimos
(IQ 91), South East Asians (IQ 87), Native Americans (IQ 87), Pacific
Islanders (IQ 85), South Asians and North Africans (IQ 84). Well below these
come the sub-Saharan Africans (IQ 67) followed by the Australian Aborigines
(IQ 62). The lowest scoring are the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert together
with the Pygmies of the Congo rain forests (IQ 54).
After the ten chapters setting out the evidence for the average IQ of each of
these ten races, there follows a chapter on the reliability and validity of
the measures. These show that, although additional evidence may be required
to confirm some of the racial IQ estimates, many have very high reliability
in the sense that different studies give closely similar results. For
instance, East Asians invariably obtain high IQs, not only in their own
native homelands but also in Singapore, Malaysia, Hawaii and North America.
To establish the validity of the racial IQs, Lynn shows that they correlate
highly with performance in international studies of achievement in
mathematics and science. And that racial IQs also correlate with national
economic development. This means that they can help to explain why some
countries are rich and others are poor. It is not mainly "because of their
natural resources", but much more because of their human resources.
The last three chapters concern the book's subtitle, An Evolutionary
Analysis. They discuss how race differences in intelligence have evolved.
Lynn argues that as early humans migrated out of Africa, they encountered the
cognitively demanding problem of having to survive cold winters where there
were no plant foods and they had to hunt, sometimes big game. They also had
to solve the problem of keeping warm. This required greater intelligence than
was needed in tropical or semi-tropical equatorial Africa, where plant foods
are plentiful throughout the year. Lynn shows that race differences in brain
size and intelligence are closely associated with low winter temperatures in
the regions where they inhabit. He gives a figure of 1282 cc for the average
brain size of sub-Saharan Africans, as compared with 1367 cc for Europeans
and 1416 cc for East Asians.
Since I have argued many of the same positions as Lynn, I shall add that
Lynn's brain size data are backed by a great deal of independent and of
converging evidence, including measures of brain weights at autopsy,
endocranial volume and external head size. My book provides many details of
individual studies. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging studies make clear
that the relation between brain size and intelligence is highly reliable.
Lynn is on very safe ground in his statements here.
Second reader review
It would be difficult to fail to discriminate between Pygmies, Swedes,
Japanese, Native Americans and Australian Aborigines. Wearing evolutionary
spectacles, physical differences are clear racial adaptations to different
environmental conditions, with climatic adaptations being particularly
evident. Why levels of intelligence would not also have been differentially
evolved from one race to another ?
The first chapter defines "intelligence" and motivates why IQ is a measure of
it. The second chapter justifies the concept of "race", depressing as this is
thought to be necessary, and makes the argument of the first paragraph above.
Chapters third to twelfth then itemise in great detail the results of
numerous intelligence tests given to nine racially-distinguished populations:
Europeans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Bushmen and Pygmies, South Asians (Middle
East, India, Pakistan) and North Africans, Australian Aborigines, Pacific
Islanders, East Asians (China, Japan), Arctic People and Native Americans.
Base-lining Europeans at IQ = 100, Sub-Saharan Africans come out at about 67.
Corrected for poor environmental conditions, Lynn estimates the genotypic IQ
(the mean IQ that Africans would have if they had been raised in the same
environment as Europeans) as about 80, although after all, Africans are in
the conditions that they are mainly because in the course of their evolution
they have created those conditions. Conversely, East Asians seem to have IQs
centred round 105 (page 130), while some populations of Ashkenazi Jews have
mean IQs between 107-115 (page 94).
Chapters thirteenth to seventeenth summarise racial differences, and propose
an explanation based on the geographic radiation of Homo sapiens sapiens out
of Africa, the resulting geographical isolation of sub-populations, and the
impact of two ice-ages (the first from 70 000 to 50 000 years ago, and then
the more severe Wurm glaciation from 28 000 to 10 000 years ago). Those
glaciations were a probation for the less-intelligent in those racial groups
most exposed to Arctic conditions, as well as driving the more obvious
physiological adaptations. The East Asians were particularly stressed by
harsh conditions North of the Himalayas and East of the Gobi Desert.
I have some quibbles. Lynn's timeline of geographic dispersal makes no
mention of the Toba volcanic event, about 70 000 or 75 000 years ago, which
has been supposed as probably having created a genetic bottleneck. If today's
races have emerged from a radiation out of East Africa that post-dated the
Toba event, how would that post-Toba radiation have affected the argument ?
Secondly, the early evolution within East Africa (page 225) is poorly argued.
The contemporary IQ of 67 is not the one to use, as it factors in present-day
malnutrition. In the "environment of evolutionary adaptedness", this would
not have been the case, so why not use 80 ? Lynn then appears to suggest that
there is a "continual directional evolution for intelligence", based on its
utility, as if species always got smarter and smarter. However, intelligence
comes with big costs, in terms of the energy required for big brains, so one
would expect instead an equilibrium where a species is no smarter than it has
need to be. Therefore, rather than a drift to smartness in Africa, is it not
more likely to see waves of replacement populations radiating from groups who
got smarter in more isolated niches where they were more stressed ?
This is not a coffee-table read. It is somewhere between a scientific book
for the academic community and a popularisation. I think that Lynn hopes to
move the goal posts, so that we can move onto some of the interesting
consequential issues clearly identified in his research programme. If at
times he seems to stray into IQ-reductionism, this is probably symptomatic of
the existing research community being currently below critical mass.
There may well be important implications of public policy derived from the
aggregated results of the research, summarised and theorised in this book.
But rightly, those implications are not addressed here.
Third reader review
This superbly-researched and thought-provoking work is a must-read for anyone
interested in trying to understand "big picture" human history, and to make
sharp policy decisions that are based on facts as well as good intentions.
The book is eminently readable, but it contains so much information, that
sometimes it is easy to miss material. For example, another reviewer has
stated that Lynn "surprisingly forgets to connect his IQ data with historical
facts, such as that the first great civilisations emerged in the Near East
and Northron Africa, not in Northron, Central or Eastron Europe..."
In fact that point is addressed at page 237, where Lynn discusses the retreat
of the glaciar ice sheets, which still left heavily forested, cold regions in
Northron Europe, but which left in Southron Europe milder areas that allowed
for civilisations to gain a toehold. This book is perhaps fundamental in its
discussions of the importance of micronutrients, a factor that is possible to
improve. Highly recommended.
Why Race Matters
ISBN-10: 0965638359, ISBN-13: 978-0965638357
Michael Levin's 1997 masterpiece "Why Race Matters" quickly became a classic,
and just as quickly went out of print. Used copies of the hard cover edition
have sold for up to $500.00. New Century Foundation is proud to offer this
affordable softcover edition. It includes every word of the original, plus a
new foreword by Jared Taylor.
First reader review
Why Race Matters does exactly what the title promises, it removes all
illusions about the insignificance of race.
Second reader review
Levin's mastery of the subject is evinced in his book's amazingly broad and
detailed scope, and analytical depth.
Third reader review
Philosopher Michael Levin has delivered one of the most authoritative and
incisive treatises on the importance of race ever written. Why Race Matters
is a must reading for anyone interested in the debates on race, IQ, crime,
welfare, affirmative action, and multiculturalism. Levin cross-examines the
stockpiles of statistical data, psychological test scores, and behavioural
genetic analyses to illuminate brilliantly the logical pitfalls and stumbling
blocks in so much of what has been written on the subject. His powerful logic
digs deep, and his courageous inferences vault forward. With panache and the
occasional snort of humour, Levin seems to be always bang on target.
I especially recommended this book when it first came out in conjunction with
my own book "Race, Evolution, and Behaviour", but now I should definitely add
Richard Lynn's two books of 2006 as well.
Fourth reader review
The purpose of this review is to refute some of the blatantly false
assertions declared in R. Nelson's review "Bell Curve beat him to the punch,
overall ineffective".
First, if the question of why Black children are incapable of learning
involved only poor Blacks, then genetic deficiency would not be an obvious
answer. However, everyone who has studied this problem knows that the real
question is why the children of Black doctors, lawyers, corporate executives,
or other Black professionals, do worse in school and academic tests than the
children of White or Yellow manual workers. Moreover, study after study has
found that Black parents value academic achievement more highly than White
parents value, that they give their children more academic help than White
parents give, that Black children do more homework than White children do,
that Black children have a higher estimation of their own intelligence than
White children have, and that Black children hold higher expectations of
future academic attainment (written in "The Affirmative Action Hoax" by
Steven Farron, pages 75 to 90).
Second, the description of Jewish, Arab or Korean store owners "sucking the
blood from these poor neighbourhoods" shows an incredible lack of elementary
common sense. The reason why these people own stores in Black neighbourhoods
is precisely that they offer better products at lower prices than competitors
do. Would these neighbourhoods be better off without them ? Let us look at an
example. In most of East Africa, Indians (from India) owned nearly every
retail outlet (in many areas, every one of them). When Indians were driven
out by government expulsion (as in the Uganda of Idi Amin), or also by mob
violence, then Black owners did not come to replace the Indian owners. As a
consequence, the commercial life of these towns declined from main streets
full of busy shops, to simple open-air markets of hawkers or fruit-sellers
sitting in the mud (written in "Dark Star Safari: Overland from Cairo to Cape
Town" by P. Theroux, pages 285 to 344).
Third, no one who have read a single speech that Abraham Lincoln made after
the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, could possibly think that he did not
care whether slavery existed or not. In his first public response to the
Kansas-Nebraska Act (at Peoria, October 1854), he said: "I cannot but hate
slavery. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself". He
repeated those words often, including them in his first debate with Stephen
Douglas in their contest for senator from Illinois in 1858. In that election,
the Republicans got more votes, although Douglas was elected, and Illinois
may have been the most racist non-slave state in the Union.
Fourth, in the presidential election of 1860 the Republican Party's campaign
centred round the "evil of slavery", and on opposition to its extension
(written in "The Ideology of the Republican Party before the War" by E.
Foner), and Abraham Lincoln carried the relative majority in every non-slave
state except New Jersey, where he gained half of the electoral votes.
Fifth, the North began the War to preserve the Union, or so their own
propaganda ran until mid war, but after 1st January 1863 (Emancipation
Proclamation) its purpose was to end slavery. Has Nelson never read the
speech made by Lincoln known as "Gettysburg Address" ?
Sixth, Blacks definitely benefit greatly from the presence of Whites, though
not from their benevolence. The higher the proportion of Whites amidst whom
Blacks live, the better off Blacks are. During the 1980s, when South Africa
was ruled by a White government execrated by racial egalitarians, it still
attracted 1.5 million Black immigrants from Black-ruled African countries
(written in "South Africa's War against Capitalism" by W. Williams, page
147). Blacks in Brazil live better than Blacks in South Africa, and Blacks in
North America live even better than Blacks in Brazil. This follows the
proportion of Whites in those geographical areas.
Seventh, the most careful, extensive, and cited study of White-Black adoption
found that the average IQ of interracial Black-White children adopted in
infancy was nearly exactly half-way between the average IQ of White and Black
children who were raised from infancy by the same families (written in
"Intelligence 19, 1 (1994)", pages 13 to 27).
Eighth, In North America, Northron Blacks have a much higher proportion of
White genetic input than Southron Blacks.
Ninth, the relative academic or occupational success of Jews, Nordics,
Italians, Irish, Latins in general (of any race, excepting Italians or other
specific groups of Latins), and Blacks, strikingly confirms the importance of
IQ. Their average IQ differs in exactly that order.
Fifth reader review
Two different interpretations of the book:
1. From a non-racial and non-political interpretation, it has to be admitted
that this is a very well-written book. But before you buy the book, be warned
that it is written at a graduate level. It is very high-brows, so you will
most likely need a dictionary at hand as you go through the book, no matter
what your IQ. The frequent use of high-level mathematics by a philosophy
professor is also impressive. The bibliography at the end is very lengthy,
showing the extensive research that Doctor Levin went through in writing the
book. So, just from this perspective alone, the book deserves 5 stars.
2. A review for the hardback edition made the comparison to Galileo: "My dear
Kepler, what would you say of the learned men here, who replete with the
pertinacity of the asp, have steadfastly refused to cast a glance through the
telescope ? What shall we make of this ? Shall we laugh or shall we cry ?"
(Letter from Galileo Galilei to Johannes Kepler).
That comparison is very accurate. There seems to be so much emotion and
hatred directed toward anyone who, like any good liberal is supposed to do,
look at the scientific evidence and come to a conclusion. In the same way
that heliocentrism was eventually shown to be a more accurate explanation of
the universe than geocentrism, Doctor Levin does a good job at objectively
analysing scientific evidence, and coming to the conclusion that DNA rather
than cultural environment is the most plausible explanation for observed
human differences. And that DNA plays a major role in creating the cultural
environment itself. An excellent point that he makes is the research on the
intelligence of identical twins, which suggests that their IQ's are mostly
genetic in origin. Regrettably, those ignorants who have swallowed liberal
falacies do not want even to cast a glance through the telescope. For them,
racial equality is a religious dogma. The view through the telescope would
destroy the dogma. They choose to remain ignorant and fanatic liberals.
Shall we laugh or shall we cry ?
A Race Against Time: Racial Heresies for the XXI Century
ISBN-10: 0965638324, ISBN-13: 978-0965638326
What does the future hold for the European Civilisation ? Will our highly
achieving civilisation give way before waves of Third World newcomers ? Will
it gradually perish as a consequence ? It is increasingly clear that race and
civilisation cannot be separated, that only the people who created a culture
can sustain it. If Third World immigration change the face of North America
or of Europe, nothing else will remain unchanged.
This collection of essays explains why Westron man can save himself and his
heritage only by returning to a better understanding of race, an
understanding that is now reviled as heresy.
First Sentence:
Everyone knows that during the last fifty years or so there have been
fundamental changes in the ways that many North Americans think about race.
First reader review
A Race Against Time represents a courageous counterassault by serious
opponents of the supposed "diversity". A "diversity" that would really end,
in the long run, in an undiverse world populated by undifferentiated hybrids.
Second reader review
American Renaissance represents a movement that may now seem marginal, but
which has the unstoppable momentum of truth.
Third reader review
This collection offers the best informed, most serious and most honest
discussion of race that North America has seen in many years.
Fourth reader review
Another reviewer claims that the book is filled with "hate" and with
"antisemitism". An odd assertion, since one of the writers, Michael Levin, is
a Jew. The reviewer obviously has not read the book, because he makes wild
assertions that it contains passages about "Jews controlling the world".
It does nothing of the kind. The intelligent reader must entirely disregard
unsubstantiated claims like that one. They are written by prejudiced
liberals, and meant to scare readers away from the real issues.
There is not an ounce of "hate" in this book, and intelligent readers have
come to realise that those who scream of "hate" and "racism", really have no
recourse to the powerful arguments presented in the book.
The book is a collection of essays from American Renaissance magazine. Yes,
Jared Taylor is a "controversial" author with a "controversial" magazine and
a "controversial" Web site, which covers race relations from a scientific,
historical, philosophical and current perspective (which is roughly how the
book is divided). I admit that I have found the ideas, and even the idea of
American Renaissance itself, uncomfortable. But reason kept speaking to me.
The two most important things for which I walked away from reading this book
are the following:
First, much as liberals detest creationists, the liberal left is far more
guilty when it comes to ideology trumping science, because it consciously
ignores all the overwhelming scientific data about racial differences. Many
of those data are covered in the book.
Second, "diversity" and "multiculturalism" are ONE WAY streets for Whites.
Every racial or ethnic activist group that demand that the United States open
their borders, demand racial or ethnic solidarity amongst their own. Thus a
Mexican activist group has no problem demanding open borders for the United
States, but they also support the militarisation and protection of Mexico's
border from Guatemala.
Think about it. If it be prejudiced for Whites to ask the country to be more
White, why is it acceptable for, say Hispanics, to demand that they must be
more Hispanic ?
Whether you be liberal or conservative, this book will challenge a lot of
your assumptions, especially scientific ones, and make you realise that other
than out of inertia and dogma, current views about races (that there are no
basic differences) are as scientific as the notion of the flat Earth.
Anytime that people are name-calling the other, chances are that they have
not a reasonable rebuttal.
Fifth reader review
This book states what most thinking people know via everyday observation, but
due to this period of "thought control", they are unfortunately afraid to
discuss with each other, except in hushed tones behind closed doors. Nature
and evolution are neither good nor bad, neither fair nor unfair, they simply
are, and to try manufacturing egalitarian fantasies to the unquestioned
inherent intellectual and moral equality of all, is usually transparent to
most with eyes, ears and a functioning brain. European man did not invent
Voodoo or female genital mutilation, but his science and technology landed
man on the Moon and invented the Internet, besides many thousands of other
achievements. This is not fiction, this is fact. Black Africans, or their
descendants anywhere in the world, cannot claim even a fraction of all that.
This book is very well thought, very well written, and a dire warning on the
bleak future of the civilised world, this is, Asian eurocentric culture, and
scientific advancement if we continue with our social fantasies and tolerance
for outright lies by the academic and political powers that be. In all of
Nature, there are species and races of creatures that excel, those who for
one reason or another stagnate and die, and those who are parasitic. This
book humbly attempts to touch on some of these fundamental questions without
hate, but in a neutral and dispassionate manner. I have rated it four instead
of five stars, because I have been a bit disappointed with the authors lack
of regard for the benefits of Buddhist thought, over their straight sole
preference for Christianity. But read it yourself with an OPEN mind, and you
may realise that you are not alone either !
Sixth reader review
I first read "The Bell Curve" from cover to cover, which finally opened my
eyes to the reality of race and genetic differences that have serious, and by
many ignored, social and historical implications.
I then read "A Race Against Time", which was just as enlightening. In one
text you get a variety of views and perspectives on race and the challenges
faced by White North America. It is a must read to bring you up to speed on
the facts of race. I am now reading "Race, Evolution and Behaviour", by J.
Philippe Rushton. This book is your best investment in reading the facts
about race and impacts.
Bibliography. Some other researches on racial differences
Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations (Human Evolution,
Behaviour and Intelligence), by Richard Lynn
Race And Ethnicity In North America (Meeting The Challenge In The XXI Century),
by Gail E. Thomas
Race and the American Prospect (Racial Realities of Our Nation and Our Time),
by Samuel Francis
Scientific and Social Policy Implications of Racial Differences, by Kevin Lamb
Path to National Suicide: Immigration and Multiculturalism, by Lawrence Auster
Race and the American Prospect: Essays on Racial Realities, by Samuel Francis
The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race, by Joseph L. Graves
The 10 000 Year Explosion: How Civilisation Accelerated Human Evolution
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure, by Charles A. Murray
The History and Geography of Human Genes, by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Us and Them: Understanding Your Tribal Mind, by David Berreby
Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind, by Donald C. Johanson
The Myth of Race in North America, by Joseph Graves
The Culture of Critique, by Kevin B. MacDonald
Churchill and Hitler, by Patrick J. Buchanan
The Mismeasure of Man, by Stephen Jay Gould
Paved with Good Intentions, by Jared Taylor
A Terrible Revenge, by Alfred M. De Zayas
The Camp of the Saints, by Jean Raspail
Social Psychology, by Elliot Aronson
African Exodus, by Chris Stringer
Equal Justice, by Eric Rakowski
Mental Content, by Colin McGinn
Child Development, by Brown
IQ and Global Inequality
The Decline of the West
Hyper links
Short recent history of the ancient Germanic religion
The ancestral religion of the Germanic peoples who inhabited the North of
Europe since pre-historic times is known by the names of Asatrú, Forn
Sed or Odinism. "Asatrú" might be translated as "The Truth of the Gods",
"Forn Sed" as "Old Way" or "Traditional Way of Life", and "Odinism" refers to
Odin, the chief God of the Germanic pantheon. Forced to a gradual retreat by
the advance of Christianism, Asatrú survived for centuries in various
forms, especially in literary form and in folk-lore, in Iceland, Scandinavia,
Germany, Britain and some other parts of Nordic Europe. In Lapland (a region
located in the far North of what is today Norway, Sweden, Finland and the
North West of Russia), the Lapp people still practiced the old Germanic
religion in the early XIX century, right in the times of Napoleon. They had
inherited the Faith by cultural transmission from their Viking neighbours.
In that same XIX century, Guido Von List founded in Germany an organisation
of adherents to Forn Sed, awakening a renewed interest in the study of the
few extant writings that from ancient or from medieval times dealt with the
Germanic religion, notably the Roman "Germania" by Tacitus, the Icelandic
"Edda" in poetry, of anonymous author, the Icelandic "Edda" in prose by
Snorri Sturlusson, the collection of Icelandic sagas, some anonymous, others
written by different authors, the Danish books written by Saxo Grammaticus,
surviving folk-lore legends in Scandinavia, Germany, Britain or other places,
and Runic inscriptions located in those places that had been visited or
colonised by Norwegian Vikings or by Swedish Varangians in medieval times, or
Runes written on objects today kept in the colllections of various musea and
academic institutions.
About 1918 or earlier, the Thule Gesselschaft is active in Germany. Several
prominent members of the NSDAP formed part of it. The organisation focused
on a combination of historical and archeological studies on the ancient
Germanic religion, with a German patriotic and racial pride.
About 1930 Heinrich Himmler, SS Reichsfuhrer of the NSDAP, led in Germany
a group of SS officers who believed in Wotan. The NSDAP itself is defined by
Adolf Hitler, Alfred Rosenberg, Joseph Goebbels and other National Socialist
leaders as a political organisation, not as a religious one.
About 1935 Rud Mills founded in North America the Angle Cyn Church of Woden.
Woden is the Anglo-Saxon name for the German God Wotan, Scandinavian Odin.
Rud Mills wrote the classic book "The Call of our Ancient Nordic Religion".
About 1965 Fru Else Christensen, a remarkable Danish lady also known as "Volk
Mutter" (see below), founded in North America the Church of Odin.
In 1973 was founded in Britain the Odinic Rite. Some of its prominent members
are or were Eric Wood, Torgeist and Heimgest Holley.
In the 1970's or 1980's different Asatrú groups were independently
organised in Iceland, Britain and North America.
In 1988 Valgard Murray founded in North America the Asatrú Alliance.
Some of its prominent members are or were Sheila McNallen and Robert Taylor.
Other organisations are the Asatrú ET, and the Asatrú Folk Assembly
of Stephen McNallen.
From 1997 to 2002 The International Asatrú Odinist Alliance existed as a
kind of coordinating body of the last four organisations mentioned, OR, AA,
AET and AFA.
Those organisations do not necessarily hold identical views with regard to
political or social issues, but they posess in common the belief in our
ancient Faith.
Epitaph to Fru Else Christensen
Fru Else Christensen "Volk Mutter" was an outstanding woman in the defence of
the Aryan Values. Being of Danish origin, she had abandoned Scandinavia and
for many years lived in Canada. She died in May 2005. P. A. Stonemann wrote
this epitaph in her honour:
Farvel, Fru Christensen !
Farewell, Brave Warrior ! Farewell, Exemplary Woman ! Your duty could not
have been better accomplished in the defence of our Aryan Race and our
Asatrú Faith. You went through times of bitterness and suffering,
through bias, incomprehension, accusations and exile. You held on under
probations where most others would have given up, where most others would
have been totally defeated by our foes. The skies of Denmark saw Ye no more,
for You ended Your days in this World near the shore of British Columbia.
You did not finish Your earthly existence on a battlefield, laying hold of a
bloody sword, because Your whole existence was a battlefield. If ever a woman
deserved to be gently carried by the Walkyrien, if ever a female seat were
hosted in Sessrumnir, then You deserve that Throne of Honour. Farewell,
Heroic Commander ! Your guidance will give us strength when peril shall test
our devotion to the Cause. Farewell, Noble Lady ! Your example will encourage
our Aryan women to fight, or to die, beside their own men. Farewell...
The most important texts of the Asatrú Religion are collected here:
Edda in Old Norse
An accurate view of historical events of the XX century can be read here:
Barnes Historical Review
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Fighting in defence of our Language, Religion and Eternal Values
We are not the last of yesterday, we are the first of tomorrow !!!
Walkyrie who takes our dead heroes to Walhalla in Asgard.
Racial differences
John Randal Baker
Madison Grant
Count Arthur de Gobineau
J. Philippe Rushton
Richard Lynn
Michael Levin
Collection of essays
Bibliography
Hyper links
in Homo sapiens sapiens or immediate ancestors
By Doctor John Randal Baker
Published by National Vanguard Books, first edition, 1974
Hardcover, 643 pages
By Sir Peter Medawar, O.M., F.R.S., Nobel laureate
By Arthur R. Jensen, University of California
By Ren Dubois, Rockefeller University
By Steve Sailer, Chicago, 25th November 1998
Controversial or common sense approach to Race ?
By a customer, 17th December 1998
By southpaw68, Florida
The ultimate insight into crucial aspects of race
By a customer, 18th February 2000
By Madison Grant (American Immigration Collection)
The First "Modern" Treatment of Race in The XX Century
By R. A. Merryman, 15th July 1999
By T.W. Hagen Brian, New Jersey, 18th September 2005
Most Popular Book of Its Day
By a customer, 26th December 1998
By T. S. Arthur Count de Gobineau
Published by Howard Fertig, September 1999
Paperback, 232 pages
English translation of an original in French
THE MERIT OF GOVERNMENTS HAS NO INFLUENCE ON THE LENGTH OF A NATION'S LIFE
Controversial
By Jeffrey Leach, Omaha, Nebraska, 15th November 2000
Direct and clear
By Ubraminos, Spain, 6th July 2000
Inequality of Human Races
By Zosimos, New Age of Barbarism, Europe, 23rd November 2004
By J. Philippe Rushton
Published by Charles Darwin Research Institute, July 2000
Paperback, 106 pages, abridged second edition
An incendiary thesis
By Malcolm W. Browne, New York Times Book Review
By Mark Snyderman, National Review
By Charles Murray, author of "The Bell Curve"
Very relevant book for South Africa
By a customer, 25th July 2001
By Den Vilda Rebel, Asheville, North Carolina, 15th July 2001
Created unequal ?
By Antonio Nunez, Miami, Florida, 21st August 2007
Personality and Individual Differences
By Richard Lynn
Published by Washington Summit, Augusta, Georgia, 2008
Paperback, 378 pages
By J.P. Rushton
(unidentified reader)
Another landmark book by Lynn
By Volkmar Weiss, 15th September 2008
Why the racial hierarchy ?
By Alexander Kemestrios Ben, Allendale, USA, 31st August 2008
Refutes Egalitarian Theories of Racial Differences in IQ
By Kevin T. Lamb, 31st August 2008
By Richard Lynn
Published by Washington Summit, March 2006
Hardcover, 338 pages
Winters Are Good For Your IQ Genes
By J. P. Rushton University of Western Ontario, 23rd March 2006
Case proved. Time to move the research on
By Nigel Seel, Andover, United Kingdom, 25th March 2006
Cornucopia of interesting facts
By Barbara A. Oakley, Rochester, United States, 21st June 2006
By Michael Levin
Published by New Century Books, November 2005
Paperback, 415 pages
By Jared Taylor
Editor of American Renaissance magazine
Author of the book "Paved with Good Intentions"
By Arthur R. Jensen, University of California at Berkeley
By J. Philippe Rushton, University of Western Ontario
Rebuttal to R. Nelson
By Steven Farron (Johannesburg, Transvaal, South Africa), 17th February 2009
Thank God for Jewish intellectuals
By Rising Sun, 13th January 2008
Collection of essays by different authors
Published by New Century Foundation, in September 2003
Paperback, 347 pages
By Paul Gottfried
Author of the book
"After Liberalism and Multiculturalism and the Politics of Guilt"
By Richard Lynn
Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Ulster
By Samuel Francis
Nationally Syndicated Columnist
What this book is, what this book is not
By Reviewer, 20th July 2004
Wow ! I am NOT alone !
By M. Caelius, 27th June 2006
Reveals The Truth about Racial Differences
By G. Corderman, Northron California Mountains, 13th November 2005
Dysgenic fertility, eugenic fertility and psychopathic personality.
White rate, Black underclass, Native Americans.
Racial revolution, psychopathic personality and White racial consciousness.
Walkyrien who take our dead heroes to Walhalla in Asgard.
The Sacred Text of Asatrú. Of the TRUE GODS, not of a false jewish "god"
http://etext.old.no/
Six million "holocausted" is a jewish exaggeration. History as it happened
http://www.ihr.org/
https://www.neocities.org/
