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CSS Dixieland
Probing the depths of knowledge
These essays by P. A. Stonemann, CSS Dixieland, cover a wide range of
historical, philosophical, scientifical and technical subjects. Each page
deals with a particular topic, divided into sections and explained by itself.
Every page shows at its top hyper links to every other page. The Start page
also has short descriptions of the other pages. CSS Dixieland expresses
gratitude to the readers that make this work meaningful.
This Web document has been tested with KDE Konqueror, graphic HTML interpreter
for Linux. It may not be rendered correctly by other graphic HTML interpreters.
It will probably be correct when rendered by text-only HTML interpreters (visual,
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Uniform Resource Locator:
Confederate Migration page
Confederates who chose migration
Sections in this page
History of the migration
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History of the migration
Dixieland: the Birth of a Nation
In the year 1607 a group of colonists crossed the Atlantic and landed at a
desolate spot on the shores of North America. They named the place Jamestown,
in honour to their Scottish King, James I Stuart. It was the commencement of
the first permanent British colony, Virginia, cradle of the Dixie Nation. In
1649 the Cavaliers arrived, carrying with them the Aristocratic Tradition
that was to become a permanent Dixie characteristic. New colonies were also
founded, and later transformed into independent states. In 1861 these
independent Dixie states formed the Confederate States of America. At once,
an evil foreign empire of dubious military quality, but of enormous
industrial power, launched a war onto us for no reason. The enemy lost more
soldiers than the soldiers that we had, but it managed to steal our land in
1865. Not surprisingly, the name of that evil empire is the United States of
America. Since then, we are fighting to restore our lost Independence.
This is the story of those who did not accept surrender, of those who chose
to abandon home and land rather than living under the foreign Yankee
occupation of our national soil, of the Confederate States of America. It is
the incredible feat of a valiant portion of Dixies who remained stubbornly
enemies of the United States of America, who did not accept to be
"reconstructed", let alone "galvanised". It is a fine chapter in the warrying
History of the Aryan Race, for the example and inspiration of our future
generations.
Those who refused to surrender:
We were losing the war. In spite of our gallant and desperate fight, already
lasting over four years, we were bitterly unable to keep our national
independence against foreign invaders who had many more weapons, soldiers and
industrial power than we had. In a fight of equal numbers our grey Dixie
soldiers, used as they were to a natural and healthy life in the country
side, demonstrated a military quality many times superior to that of the city
dwelling, shop attendant and factory worker blue belly Yankees. This fact
came into evidence when Union General Ulysses Grant realised that he had lost
more soldiers than the soldiers that his opponent had, Confederate General
Robert Lee.
Sadly, righteous causes do not necessarily win wars. We were not the first
nation in History that had been unjustly attacked by a would-be imperial
power, we should not be the last either. Union General William Sherman burnt
Atlanta for no reason, in April 1865 our capital city of Richmond was
occupied, Confederate General Robert Lee finally surrendered in Virginia the
hungry and ragged remnants of his once mighty regiments, Confederate General
Joseph Johnston surrendered in North Carolina some days later, the
Trans-Mississippi region followed in few weeks, and at last Galveston, Texas,
stood as the only Confederate fort. It was occupied by our foes in early
June.
Some resolute men tried to continue our heroical fight anyway:
Thus, the whole regiment of Confederate Colonel J. O. Shelby crossed into
Mexico, where it received a very warm welcome by Mexican Emperor Maximiliano
I de Habsburg. The Confederate States Ship Shenandoah made a long ocean
crossing to England, and late in 1865 it asked and received political refuge
under the protection of Her British Majesty. Most British possessions in the
Americas received Confederate emigrees: Canada, Bermuda, British Honduras
(seven thousand Confederates went to what is today Belize), Cuba and Puerto
Rico (at that time Spanish colonies), Colombia (independent), and other
American lands. They all knew their share of Confederate nationals. There
were Confederate expatriates also in Europe, in South Africa, and even in
Australia, making a ridiculous clown of that Yankee propaganda of the
"American dream", or of the even worse "land of freedom that receives
everyone with open arms". Thousands of genuine North Americans chose the
exile rather than that kind of "freedom". An awesome number of three million
Confederates left Dixie, heading in different directions. Not so good for
Uncle Sam's boastful propaganda.
And in this gallery of generous monarchs, the Brazilian one could not be
less. Dom Pedro II de Braganza issued an official invitation through his
diplomats and consuls in North America, proposing very attractive conditions
for those Confederates who would choose to abandon Yankee occupied soil for
good, and settle themselves in huge Brazil instead. They were offered a free
passage by sea and cheap land for farming. Brazil had sympathised with the
Confederacy during the War and risked its own security by harbouring
Confederate ships in distress (the CSS Florida, in particular). Dom Pedro
became a press celebrity in Dixie North America, the New Orleans Picayune
printed a poem acclaiming him and his country.
The Confederates made their way at different times, in several ships
departing from various North American ports and bound for Belem do Para, Rio
de Janeiro and Santos (near Sao Paulo). They came from all over the
Confederacy, but the biggest groups were from Alabama, Texas and South
Carolina, with Louisiana and Mississippi represented next. The contingent at
Belem do Para was the smallest, it made its way by river to Santarem and
settled there. The Emperor in person gave a reception to those who went to
Rio de Janeiro, at that time the capital city of Brazil. From Rio some
Confederates colonised the Vale do Rio Doce in Espiritu Santo, others chose
to stay in the capital of the country.
The biggest in number was the contingent that went to Santos, whence they
continued to Sao Paulo de Piratininga, Campinas, Juqua, Xiririca, and mainly
to Santa Barbara d'Oeste. They also founded Vila Americana and New Texas.
Americana has today a population of two hundred thousand, and it is the only
city in Brazil with a coat of arms that has a Confederate flag as its centre
piece. It is a sugar-cane growing region about 85 miles (130 Kilometres)
Northwest of Sao Paulo. The soil is fertile and brick-red in colour, because
of its abundance of clay. In fact, it is very similar to that found in
Alabama or in Mississippi and very good for growing cotton. Today, tourism is
a major industry in Americana. Visitors come from round Brazil and even from
round the world to see the historic Confederate cemetery and to hear English
language in South America, spoken with a Dixie drawl.
His Brazilian Majesty knew that the Confederates would be a great help for
the development of Brazil, as in fact it came to happen, due to their
expertise in farming and cotton planting. As it had been foreseen by the
Emperor, the Confederates left their print in Brazil. They brought the mark
of civilisation to this country. Nearby Brazilians, watching the Confederates
setting up their plantations, noted their modern agricultural techniques and
copied them. Today, these Brazilian farms stand out and are recognised as
quite advanced over the traditional, primitive planting techniques in the
rest of the country. Prior to the Confederate colonisation, Brazil did not
know the modern forms of the plough, spade, harrow, or rake. Houses with
chimneys, gutters and window sashes became known in Brazil as "English
houses". Then, as now, these pioneers were known as Confederados.
The extent of their impact is hard to describe. Brazil was already a 'real
country' in the Portuguese mold, but it is fair to say that the Confederates
turned it into a modern one. No official numbers exist about how many
Confederates migrated to Brazil. The lowest estimates give four thousand,
while the highest give twenty thousand. It may be closer to the truth to
accept the number as nine thousand to ten thousand. Now imagine: Your
ancestors were migrants from a country that no longer exists as an
internationally recognised sovereign nation, but which was never officially
dissolved. You want to move whither that country used to be. Which Your
nationality is ? Children born anywhere in the world from United States
parents are automatically accepted as United States nationals if they choose
so, except apparently, if their parents fled from the Yankee peril to Brazil.
The Federal Government of the United States issued a general amnesty to
Confederates in 1872, but not to Confederados ! A Confederada lady uncertain
of her status contacted the Immigration Service in the 1970's. "Confederate
States of America !!!" the nice man said. And referred her to the Department
of State (Foreign Affairs Office).
Among the Confederate imports to Brazil was the MacKenzie University of Sao
Paulo. The University is recognised as one of the best in Latin America,
especially in its School of Engineering. There are dozens of Confederate
schools in Brazil, which have helped to shape the country's educational
system. The "Cruzada pela Infancia" (Crusade for Children) is an institution
that was founded by Perola Byngton, a remarkable Confederada Lady who has a
square with her name in the city of Sao Paulo. In the twentieth century a
big number of Confederados went into different professions... so successfully
that Brazilians came to believe that an odontologist almost had to be a
Confederado for being effective. Likewise, many of Brazil's railways and vast
public works projects were constructed by companies owned or managed by
Confederados, or who became part of British companies that took much of the
planning and construction of the railway and electric power systems that
exist in Brazil today.
And where are the Confederados today ? Still here in considerable numbers,
calculated to be about a hundred thousand. The modern Confederados know
nothing of liberal propaganda when it comes to their Confederate heritage,
nothing of stupid 'political correctness'. They revere and celebrate their
ancestry openly. The seal of the city of Americana even has the Confederate
flag and Confederate soldiers in it !
One of the emigrees, Doctor James McFadden Gaston, wrote in 1867 the book
'Hunting a Home in Brazil', replete with maps, posters and photographs. It
examines the basis for Dixie colonisation of Brazil and the perspectives of
those who settled in Gaston's colony at Xiririca, near Iguape. Additionally,
the text traces settlements planted by Colonel William Norris at Santa
Barbara d'Oeste, by Frank McMullen at New Texas, by the Reverend Ballard Dunn
at Lizzieland, by Charles Gunter at Linhares, in the Vale do Rio Doce, and by
Warren Hastings at Santarem, in the River Amazon. Years later, a part of
these Confederate colonists went to the region of Vila Americana and Santa
Barbara d'Oeste, where most of them concentrated.
The Confederados came to establish new homes in a country where slavery
existed and where cotton might once again become king. After Doctor Gaston's
book, the oldest texts about the Confederados are:
In the XIX Century:
In the XX Century:
Confederate nationals continued migrating to Brazil as late as 1999, for what
is known. At least two Confederate groups currently have members in Brazil.
One is the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the other is the League of the
South. The first is a cultural association focused on keeping traditional
heritage. They display United States flags. Rather mild people...
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Third National Flag of the
Confederate States of America
P. A. Stonemann, CSS Dixieland
National Jack of the
Confederate States Navy
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rather than accept foreign occupation
Five Ladies Confederadas at the Confederate Festival in Santa Barbara d'Oeste, Sāo Paulo
Confederate migration to Brazil, 1865-1885 and beyond.
Confederate Generals Stand Watie and Kirby Smith followed the formal
guerrilla tactics that had made a famous leader of Confederate General John
Hunt Morgan in the Copperhead States of Ohio and Indiana, and of Confederate
Colonel John Mosby in Virginia. Other men mustered informal guerrilla forces,
as it was the case of Quantrill and of the James brothers. Finally, there
were others who saw better solution in withdrawing from Confederate soil,
with the hope of being able from foreign soil to muster again forces enough
for the re-claiming of our beloved land from the hands of the burglar Yankees
who had taken it. In the meantime, carpetbaggers and scalawags dominated the
nightmare of the "reconstruction".
A diary entitled 'Our Life in Brazil, April 1867 - August 1870', by Julia
Keyes, compiled in 1874, giving the story of their experiences when they
emigrated to Brazil following the fall of the Confederacy.
'Brazilian Recollections', an undated reminiscence by Lucy Judkins Durr.
'Confederates in Brazil', 7 April 1969, a typescript by Frances Walker.
'Gunter, Gaston, and the Graveyard', published by James in the July-August
1971 issue of Sandlapper magazine.
'The Lost Colony of the Confederacy', by Eugene C. Harter, University of
Mississippi Press, 1985.
'Soldado, Descansa ! Uma epopeia Norte Americana sob os ceus do Brasil', by
Judith Mc Knight Jones. Americana.
'Preservando nossa historia', by Celia Gobbo. Americana.
'Tombstone Records of the Campo Cemetery', Graficas do Senado Federal,
Brasilia.
'Os Confederados em Santarem', by Norma Guillen.
'The Confederados, Old South Immigrants in Brazil', by B. Dawsey and James M.
Dawsey.
The second is a political organisation bravely fighting for the Independence
of the Confederate States of America at the present time in History.
Hardcore !!!
United States flags are correctly seen as what they are: the symbols of the
enemy.
A fight that goes on.
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